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Gas Laws

Steady pressureCollisions are balanced
COMBINED GAS LAWPVT= constantfixed amount of gasPRESSURE100 kPa2 L4 L6 L8 L10 L300 KtemperaturePRESSURE100 kPaVOLUME5.0 LTEMPERATURE300 K
Combined gas law
PVT=k⇒P=100 kPa\frac{PV}{T} = k \quad \Rightarrow \quad P = 100\,\text{kPa}
Pressure100 kPa
Volume5.0 L
Temperature300 K
Collision rateModerate
Compare gas conditions
↓ Volumemore collisions → pressure rises
↑ Temperaturefaster particles → pressure rises

Ideal-gas model with a fixed amount of one gas. Particle speed follows √T; dot size, count and on-screen speed are representative, not molecular scale.

  • Roughly double the pressure by shrinking the volume
  • Drop the pressure below 60 kPa
  • Set the pressure to exactly 150 kPa
  • Reach 200 kPa with the volume set to 2.5 L